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Crude tall oil (CTO) and its distilled fractions (TOFA – Tall Oil Fatty Acids) are advanced SAF and biofuel feedstocks classified under RED II Annex IX. Tall oil provides among the highest GHG savings of any lignocellulosic feedstock and is widely used in the HEFA-SPK pathway for sustainable aviation fuel production.
Tall oil is a byproduct of the Kraft wood pulping process. It is a mixture of rosin acids, fatty acids, and sterols.
| Description | Value |
|---|---|
| Tall Oil Fatty Acids (TOFA) | FFA content |
| Rosin acids | max 10% |
| Moisture | max 0.5% |
| IV (Wijs) | 130–160 |
| Saponification value | 185–195 mg KOH/g |
| Sulphur | max 50 ppm |
| Calorific value | ~9,200 kcal/kg |
| Appearance | amber to dark brown liquid |
Full specification ranges are available in the technical datasheet.
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